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The sched module in Python provides a way to schedule events for future execution. It is useful for creating simple task schedulers and is similar in functionality to the time module but allows for more precise control over the timing of events.
Table of Contents
- Introduction
- Key Classes and Methods
schedulerenterenterabscancelrunqueue
- Examples
- Scheduling a Simple Task
- Scheduling Multiple Tasks
- Canceling a Scheduled Task
- Using Priorities
- Real-World Use Case
- Conclusion
- References
Introduction
The sched module provides a class for scheduling events that run at a specified time in the future. The events can be scheduled to run at regular intervals or at specific times, and the module handles the timing and execution of these events.
Key Classes and Methods
scheduler
The scheduler class is used to create a scheduler object.
import sched
import time
s = sched.scheduler(time.time, time.sleep)
enter
Schedules an event to be executed after a specified delay.
event = s.enter(5, 1, print, argument=('Hello, World!',))
enterabs
Schedules an event to be executed at an absolute time.
event = s.enterabs(time.time() + 5, 1, print, argument=('Hello, World!',))
cancel
Cancels a scheduled event.
s.cancel(event)
run
Runs all scheduled events.
s.run()
queue
Returns a list of all scheduled events.
events = s.queue
Examples
Scheduling a Simple Task
import sched
import time
def task(name):
print(f'Task {name} executed at {time.time()}')
s = sched.scheduler(time.time, time.sleep)
s.enter(5, 1, task, argument=('Task 1',))
print(f'Starting at {time.time()}')
s.run()
print(f'Finished at {time.time()}')
Output:
Starting at 1629319227.123456
Task Task 1 executed at 1629319232.123456
Finished at 1629319232.123456
Scheduling Multiple Tasks
import sched
import time
def task(name):
print(f'Task {name} executed at {time.time()}')
s = sched.scheduler(time.time, time.sleep)
s.enter(5, 1, task, argument=('Task 1',))
s.enter(3, 1, task, argument=('Task 2',))
s.enter(10, 1, task, argument=('Task 3',))
print(f'Starting at {time.time()}')
s.run()
print(f'Finished at {time.time()}')
Output:
Starting at 1629319227.123456
Task Task 2 executed at 1629319230.123456
Task Task 1 executed at 1629319232.123456
Task Task 3 executed at 1629319237.123456
Finished at 1629319237.123456
Canceling a Scheduled Task
import sched
import time
def task(name):
print(f'Task {name} executed at {time.time()}')
s = sched.scheduler(time.time, time.sleep)
event1 = s.enter(5, 1, task, argument=('Task 1',))
event2 = s.enter(3, 1, task, argument=('Task 2',))
s.cancel(event1)
print(f'Starting at {time.time()}')
s.run()
print(f'Finished at {time.time()}')
Output:
Starting at 1629319227.123456
Task Task 2 executed at 1629319230.123456
Finished at 1629319230.123456
Using Priorities
import sched
import time
def task(name):
print(f'Task {name} executed at {time.time()}')
s = sched.scheduler(time.time, time.sleep)
s.enter(5, 2, task, argument=('Task 1',))
s.enter(5, 1, task, argument=('Task 2',)) # Higher priority
print(f'Starting at {time.time()}')
s.run()
print(f'Finished at {time.time()}')
Output:
Starting at 1629319227.123456
Task Task 2 executed at 1629319232.123456
Task Task 1 executed at 1629319232.123456
Finished at 1629319232.123456
Real-World Use Case
Scheduling a Repeated Task
You can use the sched module to schedule a task to run at regular intervals.
import sched
import time
def repeated_task(sc, interval, name):
print(f'Task {name} executed at {time.time()}')
sc.enter(interval, 1, repeated_task, (sc, interval, name))
s = sched.scheduler(time.time, time.sleep)
interval = 2 # seconds
s.enter(interval, 1, repeated_task, (s, interval, 'Repeated Task'))
print(f'Starting at {time.time()}')
s.run()
Output:
Starting at 1629319227.123456
Task Repeated Task executed at 1629319229.123456
Task Repeated Task executed at 1629319231.123456
Task Repeated Task executed at 1629319233.123456
...
Conclusion
The sched module in Python is a simple and effective way to schedule tasks for future execution. It provides precise control over the timing of events and supports priorities and cancellations. This module is useful for creating custom task schedulers and automating repetitive tasks.
References
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