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1. Introduction
In Python, tuples are often used to store related pieces of information. Sorting a list of such tuples based on one or more elements can be efficiently accomplished using lambda functions, which provide a quick and easy way to specify a sorting key inline.
Definition
A lambda function in Python is a small anonymous function that can take any number of arguments but can only have one expression. When sorting a list of tuples, a lambda function is often used as the key to specify which element in the tuples to sort by.
2. Program Steps
1. Define a list of tuples.
2. Use the sorted() function and pass a lambda function to the key argument to sort the tuples by a specified element.
3. Print the sorted list of tuples.
3. Code Program
# Step 1: Define a list of tuples
tuple_list = [(1, 'one'), (3, 'three'), (2, 'two'), (4, 'four')]
# Step 2: Use sorted() with a lambda function to sort by the first element of each tuple
sorted_by_first = sorted(tuple_list, key=lambda x: x[0])
# Step 3: Print the list sorted by the first element
print(f"List sorted by the first element: {sorted_by_first}")
# Use sorted() with a lambda function to sort by the second element of each tuple
sorted_by_second = sorted(tuple_list, key=lambda x: x[1])
# Print the list sorted by the second element
print(f"List sorted by the second element: {sorted_by_second}")
Output:
List sorted by the first element: [(1, 'one'), (2, 'two'), (3, 'three'), (4, 'four')] List sorted by the second element: [(4, 'four'), (1, 'one'), (3, 'three'), (2, 'two')]
Explanation:
1. tuple_list is created with four tuples, each containing a number and its corresponding word.
2. sorted_by_first uses the sorted() function with a lambda function as the key. The lambda x: x[0] indicates that sorting is based on the first element of each tuple.
3. The first print statement outputs tuple_list sorted by the first element in each tuple, showing them in ascending numerical order.
4. sorted_by_second is also sorted using a lambda function as the key, but this time it's lambda x: x[1], which sorts by the second element (the string) of each tuple.
5. The second print statement shows tuple_list sorted alphabetically by the second element.
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