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1. Introduction
Often, when dealing with textual data, there's a need to adjust the case of strings. While R offers multiple functions to manipulate strings. In this tutorial, we'll focus on converting a string from lowercase to uppercase using the toupper() function.
2. Program Overview
The program will:
1. Define a string in lowercase.
2. Use the toupper() function to convert the string to uppercase.
3. Display the converted uppercase string.
3. Code Program
# Define a string in lowercase
lowercase_string <- "hello, world!"
# Convert the string to uppercase using the toupper() function
uppercase_string <- toupper(lowercase_string)
# Display the converted uppercase string
print(uppercase_string)
Output:
[1] "HELLO, WORLD!"
4. Step By Step Explanation
1. We begin by defining a variable "lowercase_string" containing the text "hello, world!" in lowercase.
2. We then apply the toupper() function to "lowercase_string" to transform all its characters to uppercase. The outcome is saved in the variable "uppercase_string".
3. Finally, the print() function is used to present the "uppercase_string".
With the toupper() function, converting strings to uppercase in R becomes an effortless task, proving valuable in various applications like data formatting and text analysis.
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