Login Form using JSP + Servlet + JDBC + MySQL Example

In this article, we will build a simple Login Form using JSP, Servlet, JDBC and MySQL database. We will use the latest version of JSP, Servlet Jakarta API, and MySQL database.

In this example, we will create an Employee Login Form and validate the employee's username and password with the database.

Development Steps

Create an Eclipse Dynamic Web Project
Add Dependencies
Project Structure
MySQL Database Setup
Create a JavaBean - LoginBean.java
Create a LoginDao.java
Create a LoginServlet.java
Create login.jsp
Create loginsuccess.jsp
Demo

Step 1: Create an Eclipse Dynamic Web Project

To create a new dynamic Web project in Eclipse:

On the main menu, select File > New > Project....
In the upcoming wizard, choose Web > Dynamic Web Project.
Click Next.
Enter the project name as login-jsp-servlet-jdbc-example.
Ensure that the target runtime is set to Apache Tomcat with the currently supported version.

Step 2: Add Dependencies

Add the latest release of the below JAR files to the lib folder:

jakarta.servlet-api-6.1.0.jar
mysql-connector-java-8.0.13.jar
jakarta.servlet.jsp.jstl-api-3.0.0.jar

If you are using Maven project then add the following dependencies to your pom.xml:

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <groupId>net.javaguides.servlet.tutorial</groupId>
    <artifactId>java-servlet-tutorial</artifactId>
    <packaging>war</packaging>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <name>java-servlet-tutorial Maven Webapp</name>
    <url>http://maven.apache.org</url>
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>jakarta.servlet</groupId>
            <artifactId>jakarta.servlet-api</artifactId>
            <version>6.1.0</version>
            <scope>provided</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>jakarta.servlet.jsp.jstl</groupId>
            <artifactId>jakarta.servlet.jsp.jstl-api</artifactId>
            <version>3.0.0</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
            <version>8.0.13</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
    <build>
        <finalName>java-servlet-tutorial</finalName>
    </build>
</project>

Explanation:

This pom.xml file defines the project dependencies and build configuration.
The jakarta.servlet-api dependency is for using the latest servlet API.
The jakarta.servlet.jsp.jstl-api dependency is for using JSP standard tag library.
The mysql-connector-java dependency is for connecting to the MySQL database.

Step 3: Project Structure

Here is the standard project structure for your reference:

Explanation:

The src/main/java directory contains the Java source files.
The src/main/webapp directory contains the web application files (JSP pages).
The pom.xml file is the Maven project file.

Step 4: MySQL Database Setup

Create a database named mysql_database in MySQL and then create a login table using the following DDL script:

CREATE TABLE `login` (
  `username` varchar(45) NOT NULL,
  `password` varchar(45) DEFAULT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`username`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci;

Insert a record for testing:

INSERT INTO `mysql_database`.`login` (`username`, `password`) VALUES ("Ramesh", "Ramesh");

Explanation:

The login table has two columns: username and password.
The username column is the primary key.
An example user is inserted into the table with username "Ramesh" and password "Ramesh".

Step 5: Create a JavaBean - `LoginBean.java`

package net.javaguides.login.bean;

import java.io.Serializable;

public class LoginBean implements Serializable {
    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
    private String username;
    private String password;

    public String getUsername() {
        return username;
    }

    public void setUsername(String username) {
        this.username = username;
    }

    public String getPassword() {
        return password;
    }

    public void setPassword(String password) {
        this.password = password;
    }
}

Explanation:

The LoginBean class is a JavaBean that represents the login data (username and password).
It implements Serializable to allow the bean to be persisted.
It has getter and setter methods for username and password.

Step 6: Create `LoginDao.java`

package net.javaguides.login.dao;

import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.PreparedStatement;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;

import net.javaguides.login.bean.LoginBean;

public class LoginDao {

    public boolean validate(LoginBean loginBean) throws ClassNotFoundException {
        boolean status = false;

        Class.forName("com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver");

        try (Connection connection = DriverManager
            .getConnection("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/mysql_database?useSSL=false", "root", "root");

            // Step 2:Create a statement using connection object
            PreparedStatement preparedStatement = connection
            .prepareStatement("select * from login where username = ? and password = ? ")) {
            preparedStatement.setString(1, loginBean.getUsername());
            preparedStatement.setString(2, loginBean.getPassword());

            System.out.println(preparedStatement);
            ResultSet rs = preparedStatement.executeQuery();
            status = rs.next();

        } catch (SQLException e) {
            printSQLException(e);
        }
        return status;
    }

    private void printSQLException(SQLException ex) {
        for (Throwable e: ex) {
            if (e instanceof SQLException) {
                e.printStackTrace(System.err);
                System.err.println("SQLState: " + ((SQLException) e).getSQLState());
                System.err.println("Error Code: " + ((SQLException) e).getErrorCode());
                System.err.println("Message: " + e.getMessage());
                Throwable t = ex.getCause();
                while (t != null) {
                    System.out.println("Cause: " + t);
                    t = t.getCause();
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

Explanation:

The LoginDao class handles database operations related to login.
The validate method checks if the username and password exist in the database.
It uses a PreparedStatement to prevent SQL injection.
The printSQLException method prints detailed SQL exceptions.

Step 7: Create `LoginServlet.java`

package net.javaguides.login.web;

import java.io.IOException;

import jakarta.servlet.ServletException;
import jakarta.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpSession;

import net.javaguides.login.bean.LoginBean;
import net.javaguides.login.dao.LoginDao;

@WebServlet("/login")
public class LoginServlet extends HttpServlet {
    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
    private LoginDao loginDao;

    public void init() {
        loginDao = new LoginDao();
    }

    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        String username = request.getParameter("username");
        String password = request.getParameter("password");
        LoginBean loginBean = new LoginBean();
        loginBean.setUsername(username);
        loginBean.setPassword(password);

        try {
            if (loginDao.validate(loginBean)) {
                response.sendRedirect("loginsuccess.jsp");
            } else {
                HttpSession session = request.getSession();
                session.setAttribute("user", username);
                response.sendRedirect("login.jsp");
            }
        } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

Explanation:

The LoginServlet handles login requests.
The @WebServlet annotation maps the servlet to the /login URL.
The doPost method processes login requests.
It creates a LoginBean with the submitted username and password.
It uses the LoginDao to validate the credentials.
If validation succeeds, it redirects to loginsuccess.jsp; otherwise, it redirects to login.jsp.

Step 8: Create `login.jsp`

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1" pageEncoding="ISO-8859-1"%>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="ISO-8859-1">
<title>Login Form</title>
</head>
<body>
 <div align="center">
  <h1>Employee Login Form</h1>
  <form action="<%=request.getContextPath()%>/login" method="post">
   <table style="with: 100%">
    <tr>
     <td>UserName</td>
     <td><input type="text" name="username" /></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
     <td>Password</td>
     <td><input type="password" name="password" /></td>
    </tr>
   </table>
   <input type="submit" value="Submit" />
  </form>
 </div>
</body>
</html>

Explanation:

This JSP file creates a simple login form.
The form fields are username and password.
The form's action attribute points to the /login URL, which maps to the LoginServlet.

Step 9: Create `loginsuccess.jsp`

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1" pageEncoding="ISO-8859-1"%>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="ISO-8859-1">
<title>Login Success</title>
</head>
<body>
 <div align="center">
  <h1>You have logged in successfully</h1>
 </div>
</body>
</html>

Explanation:

This JSP file displays a success message when the user logs in successfully.

Step 10: Demo

Deploy the web application in the Tomcat server. Once the application is successfully deployed, navigate to http://localhost:8080/login-jsp-servlet-jdbc-example/login.jsp to see the login form:

After entering the username and password, if the credentials are correct, you will be redirected to loginsuccess.jsp:

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