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Introduction
In a previous article, we discussed What is Spring IOC Container and how it works. Now, let's dive into a practical example to understand how to configure Spring beans using XML-based configuration metadata.
Ways to Supply Configuration Metadata to the Spring IoC Container
Spring IOC Container XML Config Example
In this example, we will supply XML-based configuration metadata to the Spring IoC container.
Development Steps
Follow these steps to develop a Spring application:
- Create a simple Maven Project
- Add Maven Dependencies
- Configure HelloWorld Spring Beans
- Create a Spring Container
- Retrieve Beans from the Spring Container
Tools and Technologies Used
- Spring Framework - 6.0.6
- JDK - 17 or later
- Maven - 3.2+
- IDE - Eclipse Mars/STS
Step 1: Create a Simple Maven Project
Create a simple Maven project using your favourite IDE and refer to the Guide to Create a Simple Maven Project.
Step 2: Project Structure
The below diagram shows a project structure for your reference:
Step 3: Add Maven Dependencies
Add the following content to the pom.xml file:
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>net.javaguides.spring</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-ioc-example</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<properties>
<maven.compiler.target>17</maven.compiler.target>
<maven.compiler.source>17</maven.compiler.source>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
<version>6.0.6</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</project>
Step 4: Configure HelloWorld Spring Beans
What is a Spring Bean?
A Spring bean is a Java object that is managed by the Spring container.
Create a HelloWorld Java class with the following content:
package net.javaguides.spring.ioc;
public class HelloWorld {
private String message;
public void setMessage(String message) {
this.message = message;
}
public void getMessage() {
System.out.println("My Message : " + message);
}
}
Next, configure the HelloWorld class as a Spring bean using XML-based configuration:
<?xml version = "1.0" encoding = "UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
<bean id="helloWorld" class="net.javaguides.spring.ioc.HelloWorld">
<property name="message" value="Hello World!" />
</bean>
</beans>
Step 5: Create a Spring Container
If you have a Spring bean configuration XML file in a standalone application, you can use ClassPathXmlApplicationContext class to load the file and get the container object.
package net.javaguides.spring.ioc;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
public class Application {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ApplicationContext context =
new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
}
}
Step 6: Retrieve Beans from the Spring Container
The ApplicationContext interface provides the getBean() method to retrieve the bean from the Spring container.
package net.javaguides.spring.ioc;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
public class Application {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ApplicationContext context =
new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
HelloWorld obj = (HelloWorld) context.getBean("helloWorld");
obj.getMessage();
}
}
Output
My Message : Hello World!
Conclusion
In this tutorial, we learned how to configure spring beans using XML-based configuration. We covered the steps to create a Maven project, add dependencies, configure beans, create a Spring container, and retrieve beans from the container.
The source code for this example is available in my GitHub repository.
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