Introduction
A popup form is a great way to capture user input, such as contact details, without redirecting users to another page. You can use a button to trigger the form and display it as a modal window. This is done using a combination of HTML, CSS, and JavaScript to manage the form's visibility and responsiveness.
In this tutorial, you'll learn how to create a popup form using CSS and JavaScript.
Development Steps
- Use HTML for the Structure: Create the form and the button to trigger the popup.
- Use CSS for Styling: Style the form, popup background, and button.
- Use JavaScript for Interaction: Handle the form's visibility using JavaScript (open/close).
Popup Form HTML, CSS and JavaScript Example
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Popup Form</title>
<style>
/* Step 1: Style the popup background */
.popup-overlay {
display: none; /* Hidden by default */
position: fixed; /* Stays fixed on screen */
top: 0;
left: 0;
width: 100%;
height: 100%;
background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5); /* Transparent dark background */
z-index: 1000; /* On top of other content */
}
/* Step 2: Style the popup form */
.popup-form {
position: fixed;
top: 50%;
left: 50%;
transform: translate(-50%, -50%);
background-color: white;
padding: 30px;
border-radius: 10px;
width: 300px;
box-shadow: 0 4px 8px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
z-index: 1001; /* On top of the background */
}
/* Step 3: Style form elements */
.popup-form input[type="text"],
.popup-form input[type="email"],
.popup-form textarea {
width: 100%;
padding: 10px;
margin-bottom: 15px;
border: 1px solid #ccc;
border-radius: 5px;
box-sizing: border-box;
}
.popup-form button {
width: 100%;
padding: 12px;
background-color: #3498db;
color: white;
border: none;
border-radius: 5px;
cursor: pointer;
}
.popup-form button:hover {
background-color: #2980b9;
}
/* Step 4: Style the close button */
.close-btn {
background-color: red;
color: white;
border: none;
padding: 5px 10px;
border-radius: 5px;
cursor: pointer;
position: absolute;
top: 10px;
right: 10px;
}
.close-btn:hover {
background-color: darkred;
}
/* Button to open the popup */
.open-popup-btn {
padding: 12px 20px;
background-color: #2ecc71;
color: white;
border: none;
border-radius: 5px;
cursor: pointer;
}
.open-popup-btn:hover {
background-color: #27ae60;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<!-- Button to Open the Popup Form -->
<button class="open-popup-btn" onclick="openPopup()">Open Form</button>
<!-- The Popup Form -->
<div class="popup-overlay" id="popupOverlay">
<div class="popup-form">
<!-- Close Button -->
<button class="close-btn" onclick="closePopup()">X</button>
<h2>Contact Us</h2>
<form>
<!-- Name Field -->
<input type="text" name="name" placeholder="Enter your name" required>
<!-- Email Field -->
<input type="email" name="email" placeholder="Enter your email" required>
<!-- Message Field -->
<textarea name="message" rows="4" placeholder="Your message" required></textarea>
<!-- Submit Button -->
<button type="submit">Submit</button>
</form>
</div>
</div>
<script>
// Function to open the popup form
function openPopup() {
document.getElementById("popupOverlay").style.display = "block";
}
// Function to close the popup form
function closePopup() {
document.getElementById("popupOverlay").style.display = "none";
}
// Close the popup if the user clicks outside the form
window.onclick = function(event) {
var popup = document.getElementById("popupOverlay");
if (event.target == popup) {
closePopup();
}
}
</script>
</body>
</html>
Output
Explanation
Step 1: Popup Background
The .popup-overlay
class creates a semi-transparent background that covers the entire screen. It is initially hidden using display: none
, and when the user clicks the "Open Form" button, it will be shown using JavaScript.
.popup-overlay {
display: none; /* Hidden initially */
position: fixed;
top: 0;
left: 0;
width: 100%;
height: 100%;
background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5); /* Dark overlay */
z-index: 1000;
}
position: fixed
: Ensures that the overlay covers the entire screen, even when scrolling.background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5)
: Adds a semi-transparent dark background to focus the user's attention on the form.
Step 2: Popup Form Styling
The .popup-form
class styles the popup form with a white background, padding, and a box-shadow to give it a card-like appearance. It is centered using the transform: translate(-50%, -50%)
technique.
.popup-form {
position: fixed;
top: 50%;
left: 50%;
transform: translate(-50%, -50%); /* Center the form */
background-color: white;
padding: 30px;
border-radius: 10px; /* Rounded corners */
width: 300px;
box-shadow: 0 4px 8px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); /* Light shadow */
}
Step 3: Form Elements
The form fields (name, email, and message) are styled with padding, borders, and rounded corners for a clean, user-friendly design.
.popup-form input[type="text"],
.popup-form input[type="email"],
.popup-form textarea {
width: 100%;
padding: 10px;
margin-bottom: 15px;
border: 1px solid #ccc;
border-radius: 5px;
}
Step 4: Close Button
The .close-btn
class styles the close button. It is positioned in the top-right corner of the form using position: absolute
.
.close-btn {
background-color: red;
color: white;
border: none;
padding: 5px 10px;
border-radius: 5px;
cursor: pointer;
position: absolute;
top: 10px;
right: 10px;
}
JavaScript Functions
The openPopup()
and closePopup()
functions handle the visibility of the popup by changing the display
property of the .popup-overlay
div.
// Function to open the popup form
function openPopup() {
document.getElementById("popupOverlay").style.display = "block";
}
// Function to close the popup form
function closePopup() {
document.getElementById("popupOverlay").style.display = "none";
}
// Close the popup if the user clicks outside the form
window.onclick = function(event) {
var popup = document.getElementById("popupOverlay");
if (event.target == popup) {
closePopup();
}
}
openPopup()
: Shows the popup by settingdisplay
toblock
.closePopup()
: Hides the popup by settingdisplay
tonone
.Click outside to close: If the user clicks outside the form (on the overlay), the form will close.
Customization
Add More Form Fields
You can easily add more input fields (e.g., phone number, dropdowns) by following the same pattern:
<!-- Phone Number Field -->
<input type="text" name="phone" placeholder="Enter your phone number">
Validation
To add validation to the fields, you can use HTML5 validation attributes like required
or pattern
:
html
<input type="email" name="email" placeholder="Enter your email" required>
Add Animations
You can add CSS animations to make the popup form appear smoothly:
.popup-form {
animation: fadeIn 0.3s ease-in-out;
}
@keyframes fadeIn {
from { opacity: 0; }
to { opacity: 1; }
}
Change Popup Size
To adjust the popup's size, modify the width
and padding
in the .popup-form
class:
.popup-form {
width: 400px; /* Wider form */
padding: 40px;
}
Conclusion
Creating a popup form with CSS and JavaScript is an effective way to capture user input without redirecting users to another page. This simple design allows for flexibility, enabling you to customize the form to fit your website's style while maintaining functionality. You can add additional features, validation, and animations for a more polished user experience.
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