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1. What is the latest version of Java?
2. When will be the Java 21 release?
3. Which is the latest Long term support Java version?
4. What Java version should I use?
The choice of Java version generally depends on the requirements of your specific project and the environments where your application will run. Here are a few factors to consider:Long-Term Support (LTS) Version:
Latest Version:
Requirements of your project:
Compatibility:
Performance:
5. Why some companies are still using Java 8?
Long-Term Support (LTS):
Backward Compatibility:
Library and Framework Support:
Licensing and Commercial Support:
Cost of Upgrade:
6. Important Java Features Release-wise
Java 1 (1996) – JDK 1.0 (Oak)
- The initial release of Java.
- Basic features like primitive data types, threads and locks, exception handling, and garbage collection.
Java 1.1 (1997)
- Addition of JDBC, inner classes, Java Beans, RMI, and reflection.
- Improvements to the Java Libraries, such as the Collections framework.
Java 1.2 (1998) - J2SE
- Introduced a stricter security model.
- Added Just-in-Time (JIT) compiler.
- Added Swing API for building GUIs.
Java 1.3 (2000) - Kestrel
- HotSpot JVM was introduced to improve performance.
- Java Sound, Java Naming, and Directory Interface (JNDI) were added.
Java 1.4 (2002) - Merlin
- Regular expressions, XML processing, logging API.
- Introduced NIO (New Input/Output) for better I/O operations.
- The Assert keyword was introduced.
Java 1.5 / Java 5 (2004) - Tiger
- Major changes with the introduction of generics, annotations, autoboxing, var-args, enums, formatted I/O, static import, and concurrency utilities.
Java 1.6 / Java 6 (2006) - Mustang
- Improved web service support.
- Scripting language support.
- Compiler API, pluggable annotations.
- Many GUI enhancements.
Java 1.7 / Java 7 (2011) - Dolphin
- JVM support for dynamically-typed languages.
- The new File I/O library.
- Support for handling multiple exceptions in a single catch block.
- Support for binary integer literals underscores in numeric literals, and type inference in generic instance creation.
Java 1.8 / Java 8 (2014) - The major game-changer [LTS]
- Lambda expressions and functional interfaces.
- Method references
- Stream API for processing collections.
- Date and Time API.
- Default and static methods in interfaces.
- Nashorn – JavaScript runtime which allows developers to embed JavaScript code within applications
Java 9 (2017)
- The module system (JPMS - Java Platform Module System) to deal with monolithic jars issue.
- JShell: interactive Java REPL.
- Improvements to Streams, Optional, and Try-With-Resources.
- Private methods in interfaces.
- HTTP 2 Client.
Java 10 (2018)
- Local-variable type inference (var keyword).
- Experimental JIT compiler, Graal.
- Docker awareness.
- Garbage-Collector Interface
- Heap Allocation on Alternative Memory Devices
- Additional Unicode Language-Tag Extensions
- Thread-Local Handshakes
Java 11 (2018) - [LTS]
- HTTP/2 Client API.
- Epsilon: a no-op garbage collector.
- Flight Recorder, which was previously a commercial feature, was open-sourced.
- Local-variable syntax for lambda parameters.
- String API Changes, Collection.toArray(IntFunction), Files.readString(), Files.writeString() and Optional.isEmpty()
Java 12 (2019)
- Switch Expressions (preview).
- Shenandoah: A low-pause-time garbage collector.
- Support for Unicode 11
Java 13 (2019)
- Text blocks (preview).
- Switch expressions enhancements (preview).
- Reimplement the Legacy Socket API
Java 14 (2020)
- Pattern matching for instanceof (preview).
- Records (preview), which is a special kind of lightweight, immutable data class.
- Text blocks and Switch expressions moved to a standard feature.
Java 15 (2020)
- Sealed classes (preview), which limit which other classes may extend or implement them.
- The second preview of records and pattern matching for instanceof.
- Removal of Nashorn JavaScript Engine and Solaris/SPARC Ports.
Java 16 (2021)
- Records and Pattern Matching for instanceof became standard features.
- Introduction of Sealed Interfaces.
- Vector API (Incubator)
- Concurrent Thread-Stack Processing
Java 17 (2021) - [LTS]
- Sealed Classes and Interfaces moved to standard.
- Deprecation of the Security Manager for removal in a future release.
- Strong encapsulation for JDK internals.
- Deprecate the Applet API for Removal
- Pattern Matching for the switch (Preview)
- Remove RMI Activation
- Sealed Classes
- Remove the Experimental AOT and JIT Compiler
- Foreign Function & Memory API (Incubator)
- Vector API (Second Incubator)
- Context-Specific Deserialization Filters
Java 18 (2022)
- UTF-8 by Default
- Reimplement Core Reflection with Method Handles
- Vector API (Third Incubator)
- Pattern Matching for Switch
- Improvements to Javac Compiler
- Expand Checks of Javac’s Serial Lint Warning in the newest version of Java
- Code Snippets in Java API Documentation
- String Deduplication
- Finalization Deprecated for Removal 1.7. Internet-Address Resolution SPI
- Simple Web Server
Java 19 (2022)
- Virtual Threads (Preview)
- Structured Concurrency (Incubator)
- Record Patterns (Preview)
- Pattern Matching for the switch (Third Preview)
- Foreign Function & Memory API (Preview)
- Vector API (Fourth Incubator)
Java 20 (2022)
- Scoped Values (Incubator)
- Record Patterns (Second Preview)
- Pattern Matching for the switch (Fourth Preview)
- Foreign Function & Memory API (Second Preview)
- Virtual Threads (Second Preview)
- Structured Concurrency (Second Incubator)
- Vector API (Fifth Incubator)
Java 21 Features (2023) [LTS]
- String Templates (Preview)
- Sequenced Collections
- Generational ZGC
- Record Patterns
- Pattern Matching for switch
- Foreign Function & Memory API (Third Preview)
- Unnamed Patterns and Variables (Preview)
- Virtual Threads
- Unnamed Classes and Instance Main Methods (Preview)
- Scoped Values (Preview)
- Vector API (Sixth Incubator)
- Deprecate the Windows 32-bit x86 Port for Removal
- Prepare to Disallow the Dynamic Loading of Agents
- Key Encapsulation Mechanism API
- Structured Concurrency (Preview)
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