WeakHashMap in Java

In this article, we will learn WeakHashMap class from collections framework with examples.

What will we Learn?

1. WeakHashMap Class Overview
2. WeakHashMap Class Constructor Summary
3. WeakHashMap Class Constructor Methods
4. WeakHashMap Class Example

1. WeakHashMap Class Overview

WeakHashMap is a Hash table based implementation of the Map interface, with weak keys. An entry in a WeakHashMap will automatically be removed when its key is no longer in ordinary use.

Both null values and the null key are supported. This class has performance characteristics similar to those of the HashMap class and has the same efficiency parameters of initial capacity and load factor.

Like most collection classes, this class is not synchronized. A synchronized WeakHashMap may be constructed using the Collections.synchronizedMap method.

Weak Reference − If the only references to an object are weak references, the garbage collector can reclaim the object's memory at any time.it doesn't have to wait until the system runs out of memory. Usually, it will be freed the next time the garbage collector runs.

This class is a member of the Java Collections Framework.

2. WeakHashMap Class Constructors

• WeakHashMap() - Constructs a new, empty WeakHashMap with the default initial capacity (16) and load factor (0.75).
• WeakHashMap(int initialCapacity) - Constructs a new, empty WeakHashMap with the given initial capacity and the default load factor (0.75).
• WeakHashMap(int initialCapacity, float loadFactor) - Constructs a new, empty WeakHashMap with the given initial capacity and the given load factor.
• WeakHashMap(Map<? extends K,? extends V> m) - Constructs a new WeakHashMap with the same mappings as the specified map.

3. WeakHashMap Class Methods

• void clear() - This method removes all of the mappings from this map.
• boolean containsKey(Object key) - This method returns true if this map contains a mapping for the specified key.
• boolean containsValue(Object value) - This method returns true if this map maps one or more keys to the specified value.
• Set<Map.Entry<K,V>> entrySet() - This method returns a Set view of the mappings contained in this map.
• void forEach(BiConsumer<? super K,? super V> action) - This method performs the given action for each entry in this map until all entries have been processed or the action throws an exception.
• V get(Object key) - This method returns the value to which the specified key is mapped, or null if this map contains no mapping for the key.
• boolean isEmpty() - This method returns true if this map contains no key-value mappings.
• Set keySet() - This method returns a Set view of the keys contained in this map.
• V put(K key, V value) - This method associates the specified value with the specified key in this map.
• void putAll(Map<? extends K,? extends V> m) - This method copies all of the mappings from the specified map to this map.
• V remove(Object key) - This method removes the mapping for a key from this weak hash map if it is present.
• void replaceAll(BiFunction<? super K,? super V,? extends V> function) - This method replaces each entry's value with the result of invoking the given function on that entry until all entries have been processed or the function throws an exception.
• int size() - This method returns the number of key-value mappings in this map.
• Collection values() - This method returns a Collection view of the values contained in this map.

4. WeakHashMap Class Example

As we know that an entry in a WeakHashMap will automatically be removed when its key is no longer externally referenced and the key is due for garbage collection. In this example, we created two keys as key1 and key2 with values "ACTIVE" and "INACTIVE". Now make key1 as null and run the program. The output should be a single entry:

import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Map.Entry;
import java.util.WeakHashMap;

public class WeakHashMapExample {
    public static void main(final String[] args) {
        final Map<Key, Project> map = new WeakHashMap<>();
        Key key1 = new Key("ACTIVE");
        final Key key2 = new Key("INACTIVE");
        map.put(key1, new Project(100, "Customer Management System", "Customer Management System"));
        map.put(key2, new Project(200, "Employee Management System", "Employee Management System"));
 
        key1 = null;
        System.gc();
        for (final Entry<Key, Project> entry : map.entrySet()) {
            System.out.println(entry.getKey().getKey() + "   " + entry.getValue());
        }
    }
}

class Key {
    private String key;

    public Key(final String key) {
        super();
        this.key = key;
    }

    public String getKey() {
        return key;
    }

    public void setKey(final String key) {
        this.key = key;
    }
}

Output:

INACTIVE   [project id : 200, project name : Employee Management System, 
           project desc : Employee Management System ]

Note that the key1 is null and its entry is removed and garbage collected.

Reference

https://docs.oracle.com/en/java/javase/18/docs/api/java.base/java/util/WeakHashMap.html

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