1. Overview
JUnit provides overloaded assertion methods for all primitive types and Objects and arrays (of primitives or Objects). The parameter order is expected value followed by an actual value. Optionally the first parameter can be a String message that is output on failure.
There is a slightly different assertion, assertThat that has parameters of the optional failure message, the actual value, and a Matcher object. Note that expected and actual are reversed compared to the other assert methods.
Let's create a simple maven project and demonstrate all the assertion methods.
2. Create Simple Maven Project
Let's create a simple maven project. Create simple maven project by executing below command:
mvn archetype:generate
-DgroupId=org.yourcompany.project
-DartifactId=application
After maven project builds success, maven will create default folder structure.
2.1 Project Packaging Structure
- src/main/java – Java Source code packages and classes
- src/main/resources – NON-Java Resources, such as property files and Spring configuration
Test
- src/test/java – Test Source code packages and classes
- src/test/resources – NON-Java Resources, such as property files and Spring configuration
── pom.xml
└── src
├── main
│ ├── java
│ │ └── com
│ │ └── javadevelopersguide
│ │ └── junit
│ ├── resources
└── test
├── java
│ └── com
│ └── javadevelopersguide
│ └── junit
│ └── AssertTests.java
└── resources
3. Update JUnit Dependencies in pom.xml File
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>4.12</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>t
4. Create an AssertTests.java and Run Tests
import static org.hamcrest.CoreMatchers.allOf;
import static org.hamcrest.CoreMatchers.anyOf;
import static org.hamcrest.CoreMatchers.both;
import static org.hamcrest.CoreMatchers.containsString;
import static org.hamcrest.CoreMatchers.equalTo;
import static org.hamcrest.CoreMatchers.everyItem;
import static org.hamcrest.CoreMatchers.hasItems;
import static org.hamcrest.CoreMatchers.not;
import static org.hamcrest.CoreMatchers.sameInstance;
import static org.hamcrest.CoreMatchers.startsWith;
import static org.junit.Assert.assertArrayEquals;
import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotNull;
import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotSame;
import static org.junit.Assert.assertNull;
import static org.junit.Assert.assertSame;
import static org.junit.Assert.assertThat;
import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
import java.util.Arrays;
import org.hamcrest.core.CombinableMatcher;
import org.junit.Test;
public class AssertTests {
@Test
public void testAssertArrayEquals() {
byte[] expected = "trial".getBytes();
byte[] actual = "trial".getBytes();
assertArrayEquals("failure - byte arrays not same", expected, actual);
}
@Test
public void testAssertEquals() {
assertEquals("failure - strings are not equal", "text", "text");
}
@Test
public void testAssertFalse() {
assertFalse("failure - should be false", false);
}
@Test
public void testAssertNotNull() {
assertNotNull("should not be null", new Object());
}
@Test
public void testAssertNotSame() {
assertNotSame("should not be same Object", new Object(), new Object());
}
@Test
public void testAssertNull() {
assertNull("should be null", null);
}
@Test
public void testAssertSame() {
Integer aNumber = Integer.valueOf(768);
assertSame("should be same", aNumber, aNumber);
}
// JUnit Matchers assertThat
@Test
public void testAssertThatBothContainsString() {
assertThat("albumen", both(containsString("a")).and(containsString("b")));
}
@Test
public void testAssertThatHasItems() {
assertThat(Arrays.asList("one", "two", "three"), hasItems("one", "three"));
}
@Test
public void testAssertThatEveryItemContainsString() {
assertThat(Arrays.asList(new String[] { "fun", "ban", "net" }), everyItem(containsString("n")));
}
// Core Hamcrest Matchers with assertThat
@Test
public void testAssertThatHamcrestCoreMatchers() {
assertThat("good", allOf(equalTo("good"), startsWith("good")));
assertThat("good", not(allOf(equalTo("bad"), equalTo("good"))));
assertThat("good", anyOf(equalTo("bad"), equalTo("good")));
assertThat(7, not(CombinableMatcher.<Integer> either(equalTo(3)).or(equalTo(4))));
assertThat(new Object(), not(sameInstance(new Object())));
}
@Test
public void testAssertTrue() {
assertTrue("failure - should be true", true);
}
}
4.1 Run the test
Run the test using maven from the command line
mvn -Dtest=AssertTests test
4.2 Output
[INFO] Scanning for projects...
[INFO]
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Building junit-assertions-examples 0.0.1-SNAPSHOT
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-resources-plugin:2.6:resources (default-resources) @ junit-assertions-examples ---
[WARNING] Using platform encoding (Cp1252 actually) to copy filtered resources, i.e. build is platform dependent!
[INFO] Copying 0 resource
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-compiler-plugin:3.1:compile (default-compile) @ junit-assertions-examples ---
[INFO] Nothing to compile - all classes are up to date
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-resources-plugin:2.6:testResources (default-testResources) @ junit-assertions-examples ---
[WARNING] Using platform encoding (Cp1252 actually) to copy filtered resources, i.e. build is platform dependent!
[INFO] Copying 0 resource
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-compiler-plugin:3.1:testCompile (default-testCompile) @ junit-assertions-examples ---
[INFO] Nothing to compile - all classes are up to date
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-surefire-plugin:2.12.4:test (default-test) @ junit-assertions-examples ---
[INFO] Surefire report directory: E:\Git_Work\junit-developers-guide\junit-assertions-examples\target\surefire-reports
-------------------------------------------------------
T E S T S
-------------------------------------------------------
Running com.developersguide.junit.assetions.AssertTests
Tests run: 12, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0, Time elapsed: 0.084 sec
Results :
Tests run: 12, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] BUILD SUCCESS
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Total time: 1.641 s
[INFO] Finished at: 2018-06-27T22:12:19+05:30
[INFO] Final Memory: 6M/19M
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
5. Conclusion
In this guide, we have learned all the asserts that provided by JUnit 4 Framework by creating a simple maven project. You can create more test methods and apply these asserts to have a hands-on experience. The source code available for this guide on GitHub. On GitHub, there is a multi-module project and this getting started project is a module of it.
GitHub Repository: JUnit 4 Developer Guide Diagram Here
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